{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "30438c30",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Unix Essentials — Bash Practice Notebook\n",
    "\n",
    "This notebook contains 50 small Bash exercises grouped by topic.\n",
    "Each exercise includes a hidden solution that can be revealed in Jupyter."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "39d711f9",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Series 1 — Paths and Directories"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6fb7335e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1.1 — Show your current working directory"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2b8575f3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# your work here\n",
    "pwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "21f63bb0",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "pwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "61a624bf",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1.2 — Create a new directory named `testdir`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "4a4df387",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# your work here\n",
    "mkdir testdir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2b5cfbca",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "mkdir testdir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2dccbb61",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1.3 — Move into `testdir` using a relative path"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "fb73ca3c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# your work here\n",
    "cd testdir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "ba670a20",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "cd testdir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "4f7e5817",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1.4 — Create two subdirectories `a` and `b` in one command"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "30be8f44",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# your work here\n",
    "mkdir a b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "caf92714",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "mkdir a b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "edec9041",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1.5 — Return to the parent directory using `..`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "32a0f1df",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# your work here\n",
    "cd .."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2a0aa92f",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "cd .."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "31917159",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1.6 — Create nested directories `one/two/three` in a single command"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "c0a313c3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# your work here\n",
    "mkdir -p one/two/three"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "4af63dce",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "mkdir -p one/two/three"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "24ee949e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1.7 — List the absolute path of the current directory"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "8258fff7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# your work here\n",
    "pwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "a6a062b2",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "pwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6d724d3e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1.8 — Create a directory using an absolute path"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "5f497f7c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# your work here\n",
    "mkdir /tmp/mydir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "1d1d4e27",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "mkdir /tmp/mydir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "0a4cbe5b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1.9 — Display both `.` and `..` directories with `ls -a`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "7d962a9f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# your work here\n",
    "ls -a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "91994de2",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "ls -a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e147ff34",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 1.10 — Remove the directory `/tmp/mydir`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "dcae28e3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# your work here\n",
    "rmdir /tmp/mydir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "1a000f14",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "rmdir /tmp/mydir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "578548f7",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Series 2 — File Manipulation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "813140d5",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 2.1 — Create an empty file named `notes.txt`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "08385872",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "touch notes.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "a474ad37",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "touch notes.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6e918f3d",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 2.2 — Copy `notes.txt` to `backup.txt`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "faf85985",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cp notes.txt backup.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "4d3e54d5",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "cp notes.txt backup.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2c924f2e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 2.3 — Rename `backup.txt` to `archive.txt`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2d4adeb4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mv backup.txt archive.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2c62e70f",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "mv backup.txt archive.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c9e525a7",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 2.4 — Create 3 files and remove one with `rm`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "3ef53a3a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "touch a.txt b.txt c.txt\n",
    "rm b.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "55e07074",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "touch a.txt b.txt c.txt\n",
    "rm b.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b5a406b4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 2.5 — Remove a directory recursively"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2c819a49",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "mkdir -p tmpdir/sub\n",
    "rm -rf tmpdir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b958a668",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "mkdir -p tmpdir/sub\n",
    "rm -rf tmpdir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "9aa4996e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Series 3 — Redirections and Pipes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ada90797",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 3.1 — Save the output of `ls` to a file `list.txt`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "25afa75b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ls > list.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "80ca4767",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "ls > list.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "61c3bff6",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 3.2 — Append the date to `list.txt`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "b7849f15",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "date >> list.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "83b08fe6",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "date >> list.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "600edcaa",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 3.3 — Count lines of `list.txt` with a pipe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "37e859f4",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cat list.txt | wc -l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "d1429a1c",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "cat list.txt | wc -l"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a901cf34",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 3.4 — Redirect error messages to a file"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "f2c1d530",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ls /fakepath 2> errors.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "66c68bc4",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "ls /fakepath 2> errors.txt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "72e5eca4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Series 4 — Viewing Results"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "dd7cbf2e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 4.1 — Display the first 5 lines of `/etc/passwd`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "195c0f25",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "head -5 /etc/passwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "72dc0297",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "head -5 /etc/passwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "227ebdf8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 4.2 — Show the last 3 lines of `/etc/passwd`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "3a829074",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tail -3 /etc/passwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "e66f1752",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "tail -3 /etc/passwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "826cbb41",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 4.3 — Use `grep` to show lines containing 'root'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "df9a877b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "grep root /etc/passwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "5ed43d3d",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "grep root /etc/passwd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a6c2f0a8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Series 5 — Process Management"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "333ab7c1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 5.1 — List current processes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "41dc9dfb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ps"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "c0f28455",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "ps"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c2d37e8f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Exercise 5.2 — Display dynamic process list with `top`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "7931c9aa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "top"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "947570cf",
   "metadata": {
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true,
     "source_hidden": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Solution\n",
    "top"
   ]
  }
 ],
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  "kernelspec": {
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