diff --git a/docmd/index.md b/docmd/index.md
index a5a0934..1b73fa7 100644
--- a/docmd/index.md
+++ b/docmd/index.md
@@ -27,6 +27,18 @@
 - Canonical form: `min(kmer, revcomp(kmer))` reduces strand-symmetric space by half
 - Input formats: FASTA, FASTQ, gzip, streaming stdin; `index` reads from stdin automatically when no input files are provided (`-` can also be passed explicitly among other paths)
 
+## Parameter constraints (enforced at CLI)
+
+All constraints below are checked by `CommonArgs::validate()` at the start of `superkmer` and `index`. Invalid values exit immediately with an error.
+
+| Parameter | Constraint | Reason |
+|-----------|-----------|--------|
+| k (`--kmer-size`) | odd | even k allows palindromic k-mers: kmer == revcomp(kmer), breaking the canonical form invariant |
+| k (`--kmer-size`) | k ∈ [11, 31] | k > 31 overflows u64 at 2 bits/base; k < 11 gives insufficient specificity |
+| m (`--minimizer-size`) | odd | same palindrome argument as k |
+| m (`--minimizer-size`) | 3 ≤ m ≤ k−1 | minimizer must be strictly shorter than the kmer |
+| z (`-z`, Findere, `index --approx` only) | z ≤ k−1 | effective indexed kmer size is k−z+1; z ≥ k would make it ≤ 0 |
+
 ## Genome label constraints
 
 Genome labels are arbitrary Unicode strings with the following restrictions:
diff --git a/docmd/kmers.md b/docmd/kmers.md
index 2b0f04e..f447195 100644
--- a/docmd/kmers.md
+++ b/docmd/kmers.md
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 
 A **kmer** is a DNA subsequence of fixed length k. Two constraints govern the choice of k:
 
-- **k ∈ [11, 31]**: the range ensures the kmer is long enough to be specific and short enough to fit in a single machine word.
+- **k ∈ [11, 31]**: the range ensures the kmer is long enough to be specific and short enough to fit in a single machine word (u64 at 2 bits/base requires k ≤ 32; k < 11 yields insufficient specificity).
 - **k is odd**: an odd-length sequence cannot equal its own reverse complement (no palindromes). This guarantees that the canonical form `min(kmer, revcomp(kmer))` is always strictly defined — the two orientations are always distinct — which is required for strand-independent counting.
 
+Both constraints are **enforced at CLI entry** by `CommonArgs::validate()` in `superkmer` and `index`. Passing an invalid k exits immediately with an error message.
+
 ## Super-kmers
 
 A **super-kmer** is a maximal run of consecutive kmers from a DNA read, each overlapping the next by k−1 nucleotides, sharing the same **canonical minimizer**. The **canonical minimizer** of a kmer is the m-mer (m < k) whose canonical hash `hash_kmer(min(m-mer, revcomp(m-mer)))` is smallest over all m-mers in the kmer window. The hash function is a `mix64`-based bijection; selection is purely hash-ordered with no degeneracy filter. A super-kmer is capped at 256 nucleotides; a longer run is split at that boundary.
diff --git a/src/obikmer/src/cli.rs b/src/obikmer/src/cli.rs
index 42c7600..82c3a38 100644
--- a/src/obikmer/src/cli.rs
+++ b/src/obikmer/src/cli.rs
@@ -63,6 +63,29 @@ pub fn block_size_to_bits(n: usize) -> u8 {
 }
 
 impl CommonArgs {
+    /// Validate k and m constraints. Exits on error.
+    pub fn validate(&self) {
+        let k = self.kmer_size;
+        let m = self.minimizer_size;
+
+        if k < 11 || k > 31 {
+            eprintln!("error: --kmer-size must be in [11, 31] (got {k})");
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+        if k % 2 == 0 {
+            eprintln!("error: --kmer-size must be odd (got {k}); even k allows palindromic k-mers");
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+        if m < 3 || m >= k {
+            eprintln!("error: --minimizer-size must be in [3, k−1] = [3, {}] (got {m})", k - 1);
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+        if m % 2 == 0 {
+            eprintln!("error: --minimizer-size must be odd (got {m})");
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn seqfile_paths(&self) -> obiread::PathIter {
         let paths: Vec<PathBuf> = if self.inputs.is_empty() {
             vec![PathBuf::from("-")]
diff --git a/src/obikmer/src/cmd/index.rs b/src/obikmer/src/cmd/index.rs
index 8a7d8ea..13268d8 100644
--- a/src/obikmer/src/cmd/index.rs
+++ b/src/obikmer/src/cmd/index.rs
@@ -152,12 +152,23 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_approx_params(
 }
 
 pub fn run(args: IndexArgs) {
+    args.common.validate();
+
     let output = args.output.clone();
     let mut rep = Reporter::new();
 
     // ── Resolve evidence kind ────────────────────────────────────────────────
     let evidence = if args.approx {
         let (z, b, fp) = resolve_approx_params(args.findere_z, args.evidence_bits, args.fp);
+        let k = args.common.kmer_size;
+        if z as usize >= k {
+            eprintln!(
+                "error: Findere z={z} must be < kmer-size={k} \
+                 (effective kmer size k−z+1 = {} ≤ 0)",
+                k as isize - z as isize + 1
+            );
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
         info!("approximate evidence: b={b}, z={z}, fp={fp:.2e}");
         IndexMode::Approx { b, z }
     } else {
diff --git a/src/obikmer/src/cmd/superkmer.rs b/src/obikmer/src/cmd/superkmer.rs
index 7d4f91a..a1c6398 100644
--- a/src/obikmer/src/cmd/superkmer.rs
+++ b/src/obikmer/src/cmd/superkmer.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ fn write_batch(
 // ── Entry point ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 pub fn run(args: SuperkmerArgs) {
+    args.common.validate();
+
     let k = args.common.kmer_size;
     let m = args.common.minimizer_size;
     let theta = args.common.theta;