Add sparse index support for KDI files with fast seeking

This commit introduces sparse index support for KDI files to enable fast random access during k-mer matching. It adds a new .kdx index file format and updates the KDI reader and writer to handle index creation and seeking. The changes include:

- New KdxIndex struct and related functions for loading, searching, and writing .kdx files
- Modified KdiReader to support seeking with the new index
- Updated KdiWriter to create .kdx index files during writing
- Enhanced KmerSetGroup.Contains to use the new index for faster lookups
- Added a new 'match' command to annotate sequences with k-mer match positions

The index is created automatically during KDI file creation and allows for O(log N / stride) binary search followed by at most stride linear scan steps, significantly improving performance for large datasets.

pkg/obitools/obik/match.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+package obik
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"git.metabarcoding.org/obitools/obitools4/obitools4/pkg/obidefault"
+	"git.metabarcoding.org/obitools/obitools4/obitools4/pkg/obikmer"
+	"git.metabarcoding.org/obitools/obitools4/obitools4/pkg/obiseq"
+	"git.metabarcoding.org/obitools/obitools4/obitools4/pkg/obitools/obiconvert"
+	"git.metabarcoding.org/obitools/obitools4/obitools4/pkg/obiutils"
+	"github.com/DavidGamba/go-getoptions"
+)
+
+// matchSliceWorker creates a SeqSliceWorker that annotates each sequence
+// in a batch with k-mer match positions from the index.
+// For each set, an attribute "kmer_matched_<setID>" is added containing
+// a sorted []int of 0-based positions where matched k-mers start.
+func matchSliceWorker(ksg *obikmer.KmerSetGroup, setIndices []int) obiseq.SeqSliceWorker {
+	return func(batch obiseq.BioSequenceSlice) (obiseq.BioSequenceSlice, error) {
+		if len(batch) == 0 {
+			return batch, nil
+		}
+
+		// Build slice of *BioSequence for PrepareQueries
+		seqs := make([]*obiseq.BioSequence, len(batch))
+		for i := range batch {
+			seqs[i] = batch[i]
+		}
+
+		// Prepare queries once (shared across sets)
+		queries := ksg.PrepareQueries(seqs)
+
+		// Match against each selected set
+		for _, setIdx := range setIndices {
+			result := ksg.MatchBatch(setIdx, queries)
+
+			setID := ksg.SetIDOf(setIdx)
+			if setID == "" {
+				setID = fmt.Sprintf("set_%d", setIdx)
+			}
+			attrName := "kmer_matched_" + setID
+
+			for seqIdx, positions := range result {
+				if len(positions) > 0 {
+					batch[seqIdx].SetAttribute(attrName, positions)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return batch, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// runMatch implements the "obik match" subcommand.
+// It reads sequences, looks up their k-mers in a disk-based index,
+// and annotates each sequence with match positions.
+func runMatch(ctx context.Context, opt *getoptions.GetOpt, args []string) error {
+	if len(args) < 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("usage: obik match [options] <index_directory> [sequence_files...]")
+	}
+
+	indexDir := args[0]
+	seqArgs := args[1:]
+
+	// Open the k-mer index
+	ksg, err := obikmer.OpenKmerSetGroup(indexDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open kmer index: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Opened index: k=%d, m=%d, %d partitions, %d set(s)",
+		ksg.K(), ksg.M(), ksg.Partitions(), ksg.Size())
+
+	// Resolve which sets to match against
+	patterns := CLISetPatterns()
+	var setIndices []int
+	if len(patterns) > 0 {
+		setIndices, err = ksg.MatchSetIDs(patterns)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to match set patterns: %w", err)
+		}
+		if len(setIndices) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no sets match the given patterns")
+		}
+	} else {
+		// All sets
+		setIndices = make([]int, ksg.Size())
+		for i := range setIndices {
+			setIndices[i] = i
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Log which sets we'll match
+	for _, idx := range setIndices {
+		id := ksg.SetIDOf(idx)
+		if id == "" {
+			id = fmt.Sprintf("set_%d", idx)
+		}
+		log.Infof("Matching against set %d (%s): %d k-mers", idx, id, ksg.Len(idx))
+	}
+
+	// Read sequences
+	sequences, err := obiconvert.CLIReadBioSequences(seqArgs...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open sequence files: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Apply the batch worker
+	worker := matchSliceWorker(ksg, setIndices)
+	matched := sequences.MakeISliceWorker(
+		worker,
+		false,
+		obidefault.ParallelWorkers(),
+	)
+
+	obiconvert.CLIWriteBioSequences(matched, true)
+	obiutils.WaitForLastPipe()
+
+	return nil
+}